What is the Internet?

What is the Internet? Internet is a global network that connects billions of computers across the world with each other and to the World Wide Web. It uses standard internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to connect billions of computer users worldwide. It is set up by using cables such as optical fibers and other wireless and networking technologies. At present, internet is the fastest mean of sending or exchanging information and data between computers across the world. What is World Wide Web? World Wide Web, which is also known as a Web, is a collection of websites or web pages stored in web servers and connected to local computers through the internet. These websites contain text pages, digital images, audios, videos, etc. Users can access the content of these sites from any part of the world over the internet using their devices such as computers, laptops, cell phones, etc. The WWW, along with internet, enables the retrieval and display of text and media to your device. The World Wide Web was invented by a British scientist, Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. He was working at CERN at that time. Originally, it was developed by him to fulfill the need of automated information sharing between scientists across the world, so that they could easily share the data and results of their experiments and studies with each other. What is a Browser? A browser is a software program that is used to explore, retrieve, and display the information available on the World Wide Web. This information may be in the form of pictures, web pages, videos, and other files that all are connected via hyperlinks and categorized with the help of URLs (Uniform Resource Identifiers). For example, you are viewing this page by using a browser. A browser is a client program as it runs on a user computer or mobile device and contacts the web server for the information requested by the user. The web server sends the data back to the browser that displays the results on internet supported devices. On behalf of the users, the browser sends requests to web servers all over the internet by using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). A browser requires a Smartphone, computer, or tablet and internet to work. The World wide Web was the first web browser. It was created by W3C Director Tim Berners-Lee in 1990. Later, it was renamed Nexus to avoid confusion caused by the actual World Wide Web. Client and Server model A client and server networking model is a model in which computers such as servers provide the network services to the other computers such as clients to perform a user based tasks. This model is known as client-server networking model. The application programs using the client-server model should follow the given below strategies: Client A client is a program that runs on the local machine requesting service from the server. A client program is a finite program means that the service started by the user and terminates when the service is completed. Server A server is a program that runs on the remote machine providing services to the clients. When the client requests for a service, then the server opens the door for the incoming requests, but it never initiates the service. What is the URL?

A URL is a type of uniform resource identifier and is address of a resource on the World Wide Web and the protocol used to access it. It is used to indicate the location of a web resource to access the web pages. For example, to visit the javatpoint website, you will go to the URL www.javatpoint.com, which is the URL for the java point website. The URL sends users to a specific resource online such as video, webpage, or other resources. When you search any query on Google, it will display the multiple URLs of the resource that are all related to your search query. The displayed URLs are the hyperlink to access the webpages. A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) contains the information, which is as follows: o The port number on the server, which is optional. o It contains a protocol that is used to access the resource. o The location of the server o A fragment identifier o In the directory structure of the server, it contains the location of the resource. What is a Webpage? A webpage is a document written in HTML and can be viewed on any web browser. It is contained within the web server, which can be accessed by entering the URL for that web page, and once it is loaded, it appears on the user’s web browser. Each webpage is linked with a unique URL; hence two pages cannot have the same URL. A webpage may contain text, links for other pages, graphics, videos, etc. Moreover, it is mainly used to provide information to the user in text, images, etc. How does a Web Page Work? Website A collection of web pages and media over the internet is called a website. The website can be published on at least one web server and can be identified by a common domain name, for example – google.com, redif.com, youtube.com. Web Service A web service is a software system or component that provides a standardized way for different software applications to communicate with each other over the internet or a network. It allows disparate systems, often built using different technologies and programming languages, to exchange data and perform actions seamlessly. Key characteristics and components of web services include:  Standardized Communication Protocols  Platform Independence  Loose Coupling:  Interoperability:  Discoverability:

 Static Web pages: Static Web pages are very simple. It is written in languages such as HTML, JavaScript, CSS, etc. For static web pages when a server receives a request for a web page, then the server sends the response to the client without doing any additional process. And these web pages are seen through a web browser. In static web pages, Pages will remain the same until someone changes it manually. Dynamic Web Pages: Dynamic Web Pages are written in languages such as php AJAX, ASP, ASP.NET, etc. In dynamic web pages, the Content of pages is different for different visitors. It takes more time to load than the static web page. Dynamic web pages are used where the information is changed frequently, for example, stock prices, weather information, etc. .NO Static Web Page Dynamic Web Page 1. In static web pages, Pages will remain same until someone changes it manually. In dynamic web pages, Content of pages are different for different visitors. 2. Static Web Pages are simple in terms of complexity. Dynamic web pages are complicated. 3. In static web pages, Information are change rarely. In dynamic web page, Information are change frequently. 4. Static Web Page takes less time for loading than dynamic web page. Dynamic web page takes more time for loading.

.NO Static Web Page Dynamic Web Page 5. In Static Web Pages, database is not used. In dynamic web pages, database is used. 6. Static web pages are written in languages such as: HTML, JavaScript, CSS, etc. Dynamic web pages are written in languages such as: php, AJAX, ASP, ASP.NET, etc. 7. Static web pages does not contain any application program . Dynamic web pages contains application program for different services. 8. Static web pages require less work and cost in designing them. Dynamic web pages require comparatively more work and cost in designing them. Responsive website A responsive website is a type of website design and development approach that aims to make web pages adapt and display effectively on various devices and screen sizes, ensuring an optimal user experience. In other words, responsive websites automatically adjust their layout, content, and design elements to provide a consistent and user-friendly presentation, regardless of whether users are accessing the site on a desktop computer, laptop, tablet, Smartphone, or other devices. Key characteristics and principles of responsive websites include:  Flexible Layouts:  Media Queries:  Images and Media  Touch-Friendly Design:  Content Prioritization: Cyber Security The technique of protecting internet-connected systems such as computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks is known as cyber security. We can divide cyber security into two parts one is cyber, and the other is security. Cyber refers to the technology that includes systems, networks, programs, and data. And security is concerned with the protection of systems, networks, applications, and information. In some cases, it is also called electronic information security or information technology security. Cyber Law also called IT Law is the law regarding Information-technology including computers and the internet. It is related to legal informatics and supervises the digital circulation of information, software, information security, and e-commerce. IT law does not consist of a separate area of law rather it encloses aspects of contract, intellectual property, privacy, and data protection laws. Intellectual property is a key element of IT law. The area of software license is controversial and still evolving in Europe and elsewhere

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